KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Knowledge Notes

Explore curated knowledge, course notes and methods, with their existing content and sources preserved.

This index lists complete English editions. Additional Chinese notes and bilingual updates remain available in the Chinese index.

350knowledge notes
Product Design & UX / Google UX Courses

Google UX Certificate / Visual Design · Design Systems · Responsive Design

Google UX Certificate Course 5 (Visual Design / Mockups / Design Systems) + Responsive Websites. 4 visual elements (typography/color/iconography/lines, size, shape, images) + color (60-30-10 rule + color psychology + WCAG contrast 4.5:1 + accessibility for color blindness/low contrast/photosensitivity) + typographic hierarchy/legibility + icons (action vs supplementary + text labels + branding) + layout (grids/containers/white space) + visual principles (emphasis/hierarchy/scale & proportion/unity & variety + Gestalt) + Mockups (static high-fidelity) + design systems (4 components + 4 levels of UI patterns + 5 benefits + Sticker Sheets + Figma components/instances + Material/Polaris/Apple HIG/Fluent/USWDS) + responsive design (pros and cons of native apps vs responsive web + hamburger menus/cards/carousels/CTAs) + design ethics (attention economy/dark patterns/marginalized groups). Targeted at PMs

Visual designDesign systemResponsive designEnglish edition
Product Design & UX / NNGroup User Experience

NNGroup Mobile and Tablet Design (19 Articles · Touch Physics/Thumb Zone Fitts/Microsessions 15s/Bottom Sheets/Accidental Overlay Dismissal/Tabs/Carousels/Mobile Form Checkout/Time Zone Selection/Data Tables/Three States of System Status/Error Message Scoring/5 Push Notification Mistakes/Ineffective Onboarding Tutorials/Responsive Content Dispersion/13 QR Code Guidelines/6 Smartwatch Interaction Types/Banner Blindness)

19 curated articles from the Nielsen Norman Group mobile and tablet design knowledge base, targeted at product managers, with in-line term explanations and decision-oriented guidance. Eight core pillars: ① Physical constraints of mobile interaction — Fitts's Law (movement time grows logarithmically with distance, larger targets are better, icons paired with text labels expand tap zones, screen edges are no longer 'infinite targets') + Mobile Microsessions (<15s, account for 40%+ of sessions, supported by four methods: notifications/widgets/quick actions/voice assistants; threshold for older users is 22s). ② Mobile overlays and navigation — Bottom Sheets (modal vs nonmodal vs expandable, close via back button, provide explicit X button, do not stack, use only for brief interactions) + Accidental dismissal of overlays (partial vs full-screen, lost work from misused back button, Walmart/Google Maps counterexamples) + Tabs (in-page vs navigation, ≥2 indicators, single line no stacking, ≤2 words per label, no all caps) + Carousels (mobile users only view 3–4 frames, use autoplay cautiously, limit to 3–4 frames). ③ Mobile forms and input — Mobile checkout (one-tap cart, guest checkout priority, pinned expanded order summary, matching keyboard types, open fields instead of dropdowns, photo card recognition, cross-device Handoff) + Time zone selectors (automatic location detection, alphabetical order by city, 44% use city search, 73% know time zone names, GMT more familiar than UTC at 55% vs 34%) + Four data table tasks (lookup/comparison/view & edit/bulk operations, freeze header and first column, zebra striping, nonmodal sidebar editing). ④ Three states of system status — Indicators (passive/contextual) vs Validations (action required/contextual) vs Notifications (global or contextual/system-triggered). ⑤ Error messages — Three-dimensional scoring criteria (4 items each for visibility/communicativeness/efficiency, 1–4 points, A–D grades, Craigslist 2.08/Google Flights 3.17/J.Crew 3.67) + design guidelines (place near error source, multichannel redundancy, positive tone that does not blame users, preserve input). ⑥ Five major push notification mistakes (requesting permissions too early, not stating content, short-term bombing, irrelevant content, hard to dismiss; 56 daily notifications on average in 2016). ⑦ Onboarding guidance — Push-style tutorials are ineffective (interruptive/forgettable/do not improve completion rate; 70-person experiment showed 91% vs 94% success rate with no significant difference, skip group rated experience easier at 5.49 vs 4.92); switch to pull-style revelation/contextual help instead. ⑧ Cross-device and physical-digital bridges — Negative impacts of mobile-first on desktop (content dispersion, mobile traffic at 55%, accordions increase clicks on desktop, illusion of completeness) + 13 QR code usability rules (provide context, deep links, mobile-friendly pages, use short links for <15s tasks, minimum 2cm×2cm size) + 6 smartwatch interaction types (receive/reference/record/control/communicate/guide, 200+ examples, 1 in 5 Americans owns one) + Banner Blindness (ignoring top/right-column ad-style elements, Gestalt proximity, hot potato effect). Each section includes core principles/Why/counterexamples, retaining all touch target sizes and percentage figures.

Mobile UXResponsive designMobile formsEnglish edition