KNOWLEDGE NOTES

Knowledge Notes

Explore curated knowledge, course notes and methods, with their existing content and sources preserved.

This index lists complete English editions. Additional Chinese notes and bilingual updates remain available in the Chinese index.

350knowledge notes
AI Engineering / Newtype

Foundation Models for NLP (In-Depth Reading of a Springer Textbook)

Complete in-depth reading of the 2023 open-access Springer textbook by Gerhard Paaß and Sven Giesselbach. 436 pages / arXiv:2302.08575. 8 chapters covering: Ch1 Classical NLP fundamentals (token / embedding / RNN / CNN) / Ch2 Three major PLM architectures (BERT autoencoder + GPT autoregressive + Transformer seq2seq) + training/regularization/uncertainty/interpretability / Ch3 Six major directions for improving PLMs (pretraining task variants + long-range sparse attention + multilinguality + knowledge injection + model scale + fine-tuning / few-shot / CoT) / Ch4 PLM knowledge evaluation (GLUE / SuperGLUE / BIG-bench + Probing) / Ch5 Information extraction (classification / NER / relation extraction) / Ch6 Text generation (retrieval / QA / translation / summarization / stories / code / dialogue) / Ch7 Multimodality (speech / image ViT / video / control Decision Transformer + GATO / DNA / Protein) / Ch8 Summary and outlook (new paradigm of Foundation Models / economic applications / 5 categories of harms / Grounding / Fast & Slow Thinking / Planning). Serves as the "academic foundation" supplement to [[newtype-agent-architecture-research-2025]] and [[newtype-agent-research-papers]]

Natural language processingFoundation modelsTransformerEnglish edition
AI Engineering / Large language model learning

LLM Interviews / Infrastructure and Components

Complete collection of LLM large model interview fundamentals, architecture, and components. Covers three Decoder architectures (prefix/causal/encoder-decoder) + Layer Norm (LN/RMS/Deep Norm) + activation functions (FFN/GeLU/Swish/GLU series) + Attention upgrades (MQA/GQA/Flash/linearized/sparse) + Transformer operations + loss functions (KL/cross-entropy) + similarity functions (cosine/Euclidean/Jaccard) + advanced LLM interview topics (generative models/repetition problem/8 major mitigation strategies) + LLM training experience posts

TransformerLLM FundamentalsModel TrainingEnglish edition